Media frames on artificial intelligence (AI) in the health field

  • Edith Molina Carmona Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla

Abstract

Media framings refer to a theoretical perspective from which interpretative frameworks can be identified and recognized, in which aspects of reality are emphasized or excluded within media content. Under this approach, health and artificial intelligence (AI) issues are often "framed" under arguments that may be favorable only to certain groups. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the framing that is being given about AI in the field of public health in the online media in Spanish, in order to recognize the level of information that is being provided to the population in the face of the irruption of artificial intelligence in their health care and the distrust that it generates in some population groups.

The theoretical-methodological proposal used is that of frame building, which consists of focusing on the contents of online newspapers, leaving aside the possible effects. The technique used is a content analysis of the prevailing frameworks with emphasis on the personal or collective consequences of the use of AI, the attribution of responsibilities to various actors, the presentation of AI as a threat or an opportunity, as well as the emotions or values associated with it.

References

Almanza-Hernández, R. (2008). Stuart Hall y el descenso a lo «mundano»: Una forma de imaginar y practicar los estudios culturales. Tabula Rasa, 8, 1-14. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1794-24892008000100007

Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. Free Press.

Entman, R. M. (1989). How the Media Affect What People Think: An Information Processing Approach. Journal of Politics, 51(2), 347. https://doi.bibliotecabuap.elogim.com/10.2307/2131346

Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51-58. https://doi.bibliotecabuap.elogim.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x

Entman, R. M. (2007). Framing Bias: Media in the Distribution of Power. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 163-173. https://doi.bibliotecabuap.elogim.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00336.x

González-Reyes, A. (2018). Imaginarios de la salud: entre la tradición y la modernidad. Revista de Estudios Sociales, 64, 102-116.

Kaplan, A. y Haenlein, M. (2019). Siri, Siri in my Hand: Who’s the Fairest in the Land? On the Interpretations, Illustrations, and Implications of Artificial Intelligence. Business Horizons. 62, 15-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004

Karbaum-Padilla, G. (2023). Transformaciones en el framing y la producción periodística de los noticieros televisivos peruanos durante la COVID-19. Anuario Electrónico de Estudios en Comunicación Social “Disertaciones”, 16(1). 1-19. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/disertaciones/a.12110

Koziner, N.S. (2013). Antecedentes y fundamentos de la Teoría del Framing en Comunicación. Austral Comunicación, 2 (1), 1-25.

Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage.
McCarthy, J., Minsky, M. L., Rochester, N. y Shannon, C. E. (2006). A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. AI Magazine 27(4), 12-14.

Navarro-Fernández, C. (2020). Salud mental y sociedad: imaginarios emergentes y prácticas innovadoras. Psicología y Salud, 30(3), 355-367.

Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Sage.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2021). Ética y gobernanza de la inteligencia artificial para la salud. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200

Piñeiro-Naval, V., Igartua, J.-J., Arcila-Calderón, C., González-Vázquez, A. y Blanco-Herrero, D. (2022). La investigación iberoamericana sobre comunicación política desde la teoría del encuadre (2015-2019). Revista Prisma Social, 39, 124-155. https://revistaprismasocial.es/article/view/4858

Semetko, H. A. y Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93-109.

Silva, M. y López, D. (2022). Nuevas perspectivas en los imaginarios de la salud: un análisis crítico. Salud y Sociedad, 33(1), 45-60.

Torres-García, G. (2021). Imaginarios de la salud en la era digital: retos y oportunidades. Revista Latinoamericana de Salud, 39(2), 234-249.

UNESCO. (2019). Harnessing the era of artificial intelligence in higher education. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386670
Valkenburg, P. M., Semetko, H. A. y de Vreese, C. H. (1999). The effects of news frames on readers' thoughts and recall. Communication Research, 26(5), 550-569.
Published
2024-09-26
Section
Artículos Científicos